Với lượng tồn kho sẵn có, các doanh nghiệp tôn thép có thể hưởng lợi từ sự gia tăng giá quặng sắt và giá thép thời gian qua.
Giá thép trong nước và thế giới đều tăng
Theo nguồn tin từ VOH, giá thép tại thị trường nội địa những ngày đầu năm 2019 tăng do giá thép tại Trung Quốc giữ xu hướng phục hồi và giá vật liệu thô tăng mạnh.
Trên thế giới, đầu tháng 1/2019 một số doanh nghiệp thép lớn của Trung Quốc cũng thông báo tăng giá bán thép giao trong tháng 3. Trong đó, Baoshan Iron & Steel, công ty thép niêm yết lớn nhất Trung Quốc, sẽ tăng giá bán một số sản phẩm thép giao trong tháng 3 thêm 50 nhân dân tệ/tấn (7,3 USD/tấn).
Thị trường thép tại Trung Quốc giữ xu hướng phục hồi nhẹ kể từ đầu năm khi chính quyền các địa phương siết hoạt động sản xuất để đảm bảo mục tiêu phát thải và chính phủ cấm xây mới các dự án thép. Vào phiên 11/2, giá thép lên đỉnh hai tháng.
Tại thị trường nội địa, nhiều công ty đã thực hiện tăng giá bán ngay sau Tết Nguyên đán như Công ty sản xuất thép Australia SSE, CTCP Sản xuất thép Việt Đức, CTCP Luyện thép Cao cấp Việt Nhật, Công ty TNHH Thép Đặc biệt Shengli Việt Nam hay đặc biệt là CTCP Gang thép Thái Nguyên (Tisco) đã 4 lần điều chỉnh tăng giá bán từ đầu năm 2019,…
Nhóm doanh nghiệp giảm tồn kho
Giá quặng sắt và giá thép tăng tốt trong khoảng 2 tháng qua là tin tốt với nhiều doanh nghiệp trong ngành. Với lượng hàng tồn kho sẵn có, các doanh nghiệp sẽ chiếm lợi thế về nguồn nguyên liệu giá rẻ hơn cũng như có giá vốn tốt hơn.
Ngành tôn thép thường duy trì lượng hàng tồn kho rất lớn trong cơ cấu tài sản ngắn hạn và là một trong những yếu tố chính tác động đến lợi nhuận. Trong năm qua, chiến lược tích trữ tồn kho của các doanh nghiệp thép đang diễn biến khá đối lập nhau khi có công ty tăng trích trữ nhưng cũng có nhiều doanh nghiệp giảm mạnh hàng tồn kho.
CTCP Tập đoàn Hoa Sen (HoSE: HSG) cắt giảm mạnh hàng tồn kho trong niên độ tài chính 2018. Thị trường chung khó khăn cùng diễn biến giá thép thất thường trong năm 2018 khiến công ty gặp nhiều bất lợi. Hoa Sen báo lãi năm tài chính 2018 (1/10-30/9) chỉ 410 tỷ đồng, giảm 69% so với năm trước. Quý I/2019, công ty lãi hơn 60 tỷ đồng, giảm 82% so với cùng kỳ.
Đi sâu vào hàng tồn kho, Hoa Sen đã giảm hơn 2.250 tỷ giá trị tồn kho trong niên độ tài chính 2018 khi chỉ còn ghi nhận 6.648 tỷ hàng tồn kho tại ngày 30/9/2018. Công ty vẫn tiếp tục giảm lượng hàng tồn kho trong quý I/2019 xuống còn 5.726 tỷ tại 31/12/2018, tương ứng giảm 921 tỷ đồng.
Dù đã cắt giảm mạnh trong hơn 1 năm qua nhưng hàng tồn kho vẫn là khoản mục lớn nhất trong tài sản ngắn hạn của HSG với tỷ trọng 61%. Trong đó, tồn kho lớn nhất của Hoa Sen là nguyên vật liệu với 2.421 tỷ đồng, tương đương với 42% tổng tồn kho.
Tồn kho của Hoa Sen giảm hơn 900 tỷ đồng trong quý gần nhất.
Tương tự với Hoa Sen, CTCP Thép Nam Kim (HoSE: NKG) cũng giảm mạnh hàng tồn kho trong năm qua từ con số 4.090 tỷ đầu năm 2018 xuống 2.420 tỷ đồng vào cuối năm, tương đương chiếm 59% tài sản ngắn hạn.
Trong đó, thành phẩm tăng nhẹ trong năm qua và trở thành tồn kho lớn nhất của NKG với giá trị 1.554 tỷ đồng, chiếm 64% tổng tồn kho. Còn nguyên vật liệu giảm mạnh từ 1.749 tỷ về 735 tỷ đồng tại cuối năm 2018.
Thép Nam Kim giảm gần 1.700 tỷ tồn kho trong năm 2018.
Ngoài 2 doanh nghiệp trên, CTCP Ống thép Việt Đức VG PIPE (HNX: VGS) cũng điều chỉnh giảm giá trị hàng tồn kho từ mức 634 tỷ đầu năm về 378 tỷ cuối năm 2018. Trong đó, công ty giảm nguyên vật liệu từ 430 tỷ xuống 148 tỷ đồng. Ngược lại, thành phẩm tồn kho lại gia tăng từ 143 tỷ lên 202 tỷ đồng.
Nhóm công ty gia tăng tồn kho
CTCP Tập đoàn Hòa Phát (HoSE: HPG) lại tăng mạnh gần 2.300 tỷ hàng tồn kho trong năm qua lên mức 14.188 tỷ đồng vào cuối năm 2018. Hàng tồn kho cũng là khoản mục lớn nhất trong tài sản ngắn hạn của Hòa Phát khi chiếm tỷ trọng 55%.
Trong danh mục tồn kho, nguyên vật liệu có giá trị lớn nhất đạt 5.419 tỷ đồng, chiếm 38% tổng tồn kho và tăng hơn 1.000 tỷ so với đầu năm 2018. Thành phẩm cũng tăng 379 tỷ lên 3.341 tỷ đồng, chiếm 24% hàng tồn kho.
Hòa Phát tăng 2.300 tỷ tồn kho năm 2018.
Tổng Công ty Thép Việt Nam (UPCoM: TVN) đang có 3.573 tỷ hàng tồn kho vào cuối năm 2018, tương đương chiếm 60% tài sản ngắn hạn và tăng 857 tỷ so với thời điểm đầu năm. Trong đó, nguyên vật liệu tăng 341 tỷ lên 1.306 tỷ đồng; còn thành phẩm tăng 270 tỷ lên mức 1.158 tỷ đồng.
CTCP Gang thép Thái Nguyên (UPCoM: TIS) gia tăng gần 400 tỷ hàng tồn kho trong năm 2018 lên mức 2.409 tỷ đồng, chiếm 70% tài sản ngắn hạn. Trong đó, công ty chủ yếu tăng thành phẩm từ 850 tỷ lên 1.209 tỷ đồng.
Một số doanh nghiệp khác cũng tăng mạnh hàng tồn kho như CTCP Thép Pomina (HoSE: POM) tăng từ 1.950 tỷ lên 2.736 tỷ đồng năm 2018 (chủ yếu tăng nguyên vật liệu thêm 670 tỷ đồng). CTCP Thép Việt ý (HoSE: VIS) tăng tồn kho từ 536 tỷ lên 943 tỷ đồng…
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