Cái khó của doanh nghiệp dịch vụ ăn uống khi mở cửa lại

Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh dù được hoạt động, các doanh nghiệp bán lẻ, thực phẩm, dịch vụ ăn uống, mô hình chuỗi cửa hàng, nhà hàng… vẫn khó trăm bề.


Hàng loạt doanh nghiệp cho rằng việc sắp được mở cửa nền kinh tế sau hơn ba tháng giãn cách là “rất cần thiết” với họ. Nhưng khi đứng trước “cơ hội tái mở cửa” ấy, nhiều chủ doanh nghiệp lại không khỏi trăn trở vì những khó khăn trước mắt.

Ngành bán lẻ và F&B là một ví dụ. Ông Dominic Vũ, sáng lập của Dom Capital cho biết, ngày 13/9, 11 doanh nghiệp (sở hữu 1.337 nhà hàng với gần 41.000 nhân viên) trong ngành bán lẻ và F&B vừa gửi thư kiến nghị tập thể tới lãnh đạo TP HCM, nêu khó khăn khi thực hiện chính sách mở cửa lại từ 7/9.

Thứ nhất, các doanh nghiệp cho rằng ngành ăn uống, dịch vụ rất khó đáp ứng được quy định 3 tại chỗ (sản xuất – ăn – ngủ nghỉ tại chỗ). Thiết kế của một nhà hàng không có khu vực tắm rửa và nghỉ ngơi, do đó không đảm bảo các điều kiện thiết yếu nhất để nhân viên ở lại.


Thứ hai, thời gian bán hàng từ 6h đến 18h được doanh nghiệp nhìn nhận là quá ngắn, không đủ để thực hiện các đơn hàng phục vụ cho khách có nhu cầu cho bữa tối.

Thứ ba, doanh nghiệp lo ngại tăng chi phí hoạt động trước yêu cầu người lao động phải xét nghiệm nhanh Covid-19 hai ngày một lần, với mức phí doanh nghiệp tự chi trả. Ngoài ra, theo họ, việc không được phép tự giao hàng đến người mua, trong khi tài xế giao hàng công nghệ quá ít, sẽ ảnh hưởng đến việc phục vụ khách lẫn doanh thu nhà hàng.

Ngành kinh doanh dịch vụ ăn uống TP HCM đã dừng hoạt động kinh doanh đến nay là hơn 65 ngày, khiến dòng tiền của doanh nghiệp đang cạn kiệt dần. Trong thời gian đóng cửa, các doanh nghiệp vẫn phải gánh chịu các chi phí như tiền thuê mặt bằng, chi phí hỗ trợ và phúc lợi cho người lao động. Đa số lao động phải tạm hoãn hợp đồng, thu nhập đột ngột bị sụt giảm nghiêm trọng.Một nguyên nhân nữa khiến việc mở cửa khó thực hiện là thiếu nguyên vật liệu. Ông Dominic Vũ cho biết chuỗi cung ứng hàng hoá, thực phẩm đầu vào cho các cửa hàng đã bị tắc nghẽn khi giữa các địa phương có những biện pháp chống dịch khác nhau. Bên cạnh đó, khách hàng trong giai đoạn hiện tại dù hàng quán có mở cũng không dám tiêu xài mạnh. Doanh nghiệp cũng cần thời gian để chờ khách quay về.


Các doanh nghiệp đánh giá, nếu không được hỗ trợ tài chính, họ sẽ đứng trước rủi ro phá sản rất cao. Điều này khiến không chỉ hàng triệu lao động trong ngành bị ảnh hưởng, còn tác động đến hàng nghìn các doanh nghiệp là nhà cung cấp, đối tác chiến lược.

Kiến nghị với lãnh đạo TP HCM, các doanh nghiệp bán lẻ, dịch vụ ăn uống, nhà hàng… đề nghị sớm có chính sách ưu tiên tiêm vaccine cho lao động trong ngành. Từ đó, những người đã được tiêm ít nhất 1 mũi vacicne có thể trở lại làm việc tại văn phòng và cơ sở kinh doanh. Nhân sự giao hàng riêng của doanh nghiệp được hoạt động thay cho việc giới hạn chỉ cho tài xế công nghệ thực hiện.

Doanh nghiệp được tự chịu trách nhiệm kiểm tra sức khỏe cho nhân viên, đảm bảo tuân thủ 5K nghiêm ngặt. Những nhà hàng đáp ứng được 3 điều kiện: tất cả nhân viên đã tiêm ít nhất một mũi vaccine; xét nghiệm định kỳ; và thực hiện nghiêm túc 5K, sẽ không bắt buộc thực hiện “3 tại chỗ”.


Ngoài ra, để việc kinh doanh thuận lợi, thành phố cần tạo điều kiện để họ đủ nguồn cung nguyên vật liệu (kể cả các đơn vị hoạt động trong lĩnh vực phụ trợ như bao bì, tem nhãn…).

Với khó khăn về tài chính, dòng tiền, các doanh nghiệp đề xuất dừng đóng bảo hiểm xã hội ít nhất 6 tháng sau khi công bố hết dịch; Không bị phạt nếu không có khả năng đóng bảo hiểm trong đại dịch. Với doanh nghiệp phải ngừng hoạt động vì giãn cách xã hội, được miễn 100% tiền nộp bảo hiểm xã hội.

Doanh nghiệp đề xuất được miễn VAT trong năm 2021, giảm 50% VAT trong 2 năm 2022 và 2023; giảm 50% thuế thu nhập doanh nghiệp phải nộp của năm 2021 và 30% thuế này trong 3 năm tiếp theo; được chấp nhận tất cả chi phí phát sinh trong đại dịch mà doanh nghiệp phải chịu: xét nghiệm, chi phí chống dịch và 3 tại chỗ.


Ngoài ra, doanh nghiệp mong được tiếp cận nguồn vốn với lãi suất tối đa 4% một năm tương đương gói hỗ trợ năm 2008-2009 trong hai năm kể từ 1/10/2021; được phép khoanh nợ, giãn nợ, cơ cấu thời hạn trả nợ.

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