Năm 2018, với việc điều hành liên minh Nissan – Mitsubishi – Renault, Carlos Ghosn là một trong những nhân vật quyền lực nhất trong ngành ôtô toàn cầu.
Doanh nhân người Pháp gốc Lebanon từng là giám đốc liên minh Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi. Năm 2018, dưới sự điều hành của Ghosn, tổng doanh thu ba hãng đạt hơn 243 tỷ USD. Người ta gọi Ghosn là “huyền thoại sống” vì khả năng khôi phục các doanh nghiệp ôtô thất thế.
Nhưng ngày 31/12, “người hùng của ngành xe hơi” trở thành kẻ bị truy nã quốc tế. Bằng cách nào đó, Ghosn trốn khỏi Nhật Bản dù bị quản thúc gắt gao trong khi chờ hầu tòa vì tội gian lận tài chính.
Cựu chủ tịch Nissan bác bỏ mọi cáo buộc kể từ khi bị bắt giữ hồi tháng 11/2018. Truyền thông Lebanon đưa tin Ghosn giấu mình trong chiếc thùng chứa nhạc cụ của ban nhạc đến chơi trong bữa tiệc tại biệt thự của ông ta ở Tokyo.
Sau đó, Ghosn được đưa đến Lebanon, nơi không có hiệp ước dẫn độ với Nhật Bản. Nhà chức trách Nhật Bản và Lebanon không xác nhận những thông tin này.
Cựu Chủ tịch Nissan Carlos Ghosn.
Từng là một huyền thoại
Theo các nguồn tin khác, ông Ghosn có rất nhiều hộ chiếu quốc tế và trốn tránh nhà chức trách Nhật Bản bằng cách sử dụng giấy tờ giả mạo và rời khỏi quốc gia Đông Á từ một sân bay nhỏ. Báo New York Times dẫn lời một quan chức ở Beirut (Lebanon) cho biết Ghosn đến nước này bằng hộ chiếu Pháp.
Dù Ghosn trốn thoát bằng cách nào thì cuộc đào tẩu gây chấn động của cựu chủ tịch Nissan vẫn là một vết nhơ đáng xấu hổ của ngành công nghiệp ôtô toàn cầu trong suốt 3 thập kỷ cạnh tranh khốc liệt vừa qua.
Theo Time, sau khi tốt nghiệp tại Pháp, Ghosn gia nhập Michelin, công ty sản xuất lốp xe nổi tiếng. Là người nhiều tham vọng, ông ta thể hiện xuất sắc trong vai trò quản lý nhà máy và nghiên cứu – phát triển sản phẩm. Sau đó, Ghosn được giao nhiệm tái cấu trúc chi nhánh của Michelin ở Bắc Mỹ.
Sau những thành công đó, Ghosn đã được Renault bổ nhiệm làm CEO sau khi tập đoàn xe hơi Pháp tư nhân hóa vào năm 1996.
Trong một báo cáo năm 2004, các nhà nghiên cứu tại Đại học Coventry đã viết: “Trong vòng hai năm, Renault không chỉ khôi phục mà còn đạt lợi nhuận kỷ lục”. Nhờ việc tiết kiệm chi phí sản xuất hợp lý, hãng xe hơi của Pháp đã đủ lợi nhuận để mua 37% cổ phần của Nissan vào năm 2018.
Carlos Ghosn trên bìa tạp chí Time năm 2003.
Sau khi thỏa thuận được ký kết, tỷ suất lợi nhuận gộp của Nissan tăng mạnh, cao hơn 10% so với thập niên 2000 trước khi cuộc khủng hoảng tài chính toàn cầu làm chao đảo ngành công nghiệp sản xuất xe hơi.
Ngay cả khi nền kinh tế thế giới vật lộn để hồi phục sau đó, lợi nhuận của Nissan vẫn bị ảnh hưởng đáng kể.
Cùng với sự phát triển của Nissan và Renault, thu nhập của ông trùm xe hơi cũng tăng lên theo cấp số nhân. Vào năm 2014, thu nhập một năm của Ghosn đạt hơn 15 triệu USD, chưa kể tiền thưởng từ Renault.
Mức lương của CEO này cao hơn hẳn các giám đốc điều hành của hãng ôtô khác, trừ Mary Barra, CEO của General Motors.
Quản lý hai công ty ở hai lục địa khác nhau đồng nghĩa với việc Ghosn phải di chuyển liên tục. Năm 2016, Nissan mua Gulfstream G650 – một trong những máy bay tư nhân đắt đỏ nhất thế giới – với giá 67 triệu USD để phục vụ cho việc đi lại của Ghosn.
Theo Wall Street Journal, năm 2016, chiếc máy bay này đã hạ cánh ở hơn 35 sân bay trong hơn 80 ngày công tác của Ghosn. Nó cũng cất cánh từ Beirut 8 lần trong 7 tuần trước khi Ghosn bị bắt vào tháng 11/2018.
Các công tố viên Nhật Bản cho rằng cựu CEO Nissan đã lợi dụng tài sản của tập đoàn để trục lợi cá nhân, bao gồm tiền thuê một căn hộ tại Amsterdam trị giá 8.000 Euro mỗi tháng. Theo báo cáo của Bloomberg năm 2018, Nissan cũng có nhiều tài sản cho thuê ở Brazil, Pháp, Beirut và Tokyo.
Tội phạm bị truy nã quốc tế
Năm 2016, liên minh Nissan và Renault đã thành công đến mức dễ dàng mua được 34% cổ phần của Mitsubishi sau khi nhà sản xuất ôtô này đối mặt nhiều bê bối.
“9 triệu xe được sản xuất. 4 nền tảng phổ biến. 6 năm”. Đó là kế hoạch táo bạo được Carlos Ghosn đề ra vào năm 2017, đánh dấu một “kỷ nguyên mới” của liên minh ba công ty.
Cựu CEO Nissan phát biểu vào thời điểm đó: “Tổng doanh số hàng năm của chúng tôi được dự báo sẽ vượt quá 14 triệu xe, tạo doanh thu dự kiến 240 tỷ USD“.
Tương lai của liên minh đó trở nên mờ mịt khi Ghosn bị bắt ngay lúc rời khỏi máy bay cá nhân ở Tokyo cùng Giám đốc Nissan Greg Kelly. Trong suốt một năm kể từ vụ bắt giữ, Ghosn bị quản thúc tại gia và không thể rời khỏi Nhật Bản, cho đến khi trốn thoát vào ngày 30/12/2019.
Sau khi bị bắt giữ, Ghosn bị tạm giam tại nhà tù Nhật Bản hơn 3 tháng, bị hạn chế tiếp xúc với người ngoài, chỉ được tập thể dục 30 phút hàng ngày và tắm 2 lần mỗi tuần.
Luật sư Junichiro Hironaka trả lời báo chí.
Sau khi đóng số tiền bảo lãnh khổng lồ 9 triệu USD, Ghosn phải giao 3 hộ chiếu cho luật sư và bị hạn chế liên lạc với vợ. Các công tố viên Nhật Bản lo ngại nguy cơ hai vợ chồng thông đồng phá hủy chứng cứ hoặc cùng nhau trốn khỏi Nhật Bản.
Phát biểu trước báo chí, luật sư của Ghosn là ông Junichiro Hironaka nói rằng ông không hiểu CEO Nissan trốn khỏi Nhật Bản bằng cách nào. Ông Hironaka nói: “Ông Ghosn khó lòng trốn khỏi Nhật Bản nếu không có sự trợ giúp của một tổ chức”.
Ngày 31/12, cựu CEO Nissan xác nhận ông ta đã đến Lebanon và khẳng định bản thân “không còn là con tin của hệ thống tư pháp Nhật Bản”. Ghosn dự kiến sẽ xuất hiện chính thức trước truyền thông Lebanon nhiều hơn vào tuần tới.
Tương lai của Ghosn sẽ ra sao? Phía Nhật Bản có quyết tâm truy nã cựu CEO Nissan đến cùng? Điều này còn phụ thuộc vào câu trả lời chính thức từ phía chính quyền Nhật Bản.
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